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Special characters

HTML uses the character < to start a tag, so you cannot use this character without a browser interpreting it as markup. Similarly the double quote character is used to start and end attribute value strings.

In order to represent these characters in your HTML documents you must use the entities < and &dquot;. To get a literal & you must use the entity &. Although HTML uses ISO 8859 for its character set, entities can also be used for non-ASCII characters such as accented characters in case you cannot enter such characters directly from the keyboard, see below:

      Æ   Æ    Æ   AE dipthong (ligature)
      Á   Á   Á   A, acute accent
      Â   Â    Â   A, circumflex accent
      À   À   À   A, grave accent
      Å   Å    Å   A, ring
      Ã   Ã   Ã   A, tilde
      Ä   Ä     Ä   A, diaeresis/umlaut
      Ç   Ç   Ç   C, cedilla
      Ð   Ð      Ð   Eth (Icelandic)
      É   É   É   E, acute accent
      Ê   Ê    Ê   E, circumflex accent
      È   È   È   E, grave accent
      Ë   Ë     Ë   E, diaeresis/umlaut
      Í   Í   Í   I, acute accent
      Î   Î    Î   I, circumflex accent
      Ì   Ì   Ì   I, grave accent
      Ï   Ï     Ï   I, diaeresis/umlaut
      Ñ   Ñ   Ñ   N, tilde
      Ó   Ó   Ó   O, acute accent
      Ô   Ô    Ô   O, circumflex accent
      Ò   Ò   Ò   O, grave accent
      Ø   Ø   Ø   O, slash
      Õ   Õ   Õ   O, tilde
      Ö   Ö     Ö   O, diaeresis/umlaut
      Þ   Þ    Þ   Thorn (Icelandic)
      Ú   Ú   Ú   U, acute accent
      Û   Û    Û   U, circumflex accent
      Ù   Ù   Ù   U, grave accent
      Ü   Ü     Ü   U, diaeresis/umlaut
      Ý   Ý   Ý   Y, acute accent
      ß   ß    ß   German sharp s
      æ   á   á   ae dipthong (ligature)
      á   á   á   a, acute accent
      â   â    â   a, circumflex accent
      à   à   à   a, grave accent
      å   å    å   a, ring
      ã   ã   ã   a, tilde
      ä   ä     ä   a, diaeresis/umlaut
      ç   ç   ç   c, cedilla
      ð   ð      ð   eth (Icelandic)
      é   é   é   e, acute accent
      ê   ê    ê   e, circumflex accent
      è   è   è   e, grave accent
      ë   ë     ë   e, diaeresis/umlaut
      í   í   í   i, acute accent
      î   î    î   i, circumflex accent
      ì   ì   ì   i, grave accent
      ï   ï     ï   i, diaeresis/umlaut
      ñ   ñ   ñ   n, tilde
      ó   ó   ó   o, acute accent
      ô   ô    ô   o, circumflex accent
      ò   ò   ò   o, grave accent
      ø   ø   ø   o, slash
      õ   õ   õ   o, tilde
      ö   ö     ö   o, diaeresis/umlaut
      þ   þ    þ   thorn (Icelandic)
      ú   ú   ú   u, acute accent
      û   û    û   u, circumflex accent
      ù   ù   ù   u, grave accent
      ü   ü     ü   u, diaeresis/umlaut
      ý   ý   ý   y, acute accent
      ÿ   ÿ     ÿ   y, diaeresis/umlaut

ISO Latin 1 Entities in HTML

Spinning the Web by Andrew Ford
© 1995 International Thomson Publishing
© 2002 Andrew Ford and Ford & Mason Ltd
Note: this HTML document was generated in December 1994 directly from the LaTeX source files using LaTeX2HTML. It was formatted into our standard page layout using the Template Toolkit. The document is mainly of historical interest as obviously many of the sites mentioned have long since disappeared.